Condition that occurs when the image is focused behind the retina.

• A. Nearsightedness (myopia)
• B. Farsightedness (hyperopia)
• C. Astigmatism
• D. Cataract

Answer: (B)

When the image forms behind the retina, the eye is hyperopic (farsighted). This happens because the eyeball is too short or the cornea/lens has insufficient refractive power, so light rays coming in are focused behind the retina rather than directly on it. Distant objects can still be seen relatively well because their rays are almost parallel and can be brought to a focus with less accommodation, but close objects require more adjustment from the lens than the eye can provide, making near vision blurry.

This contrasts with myopia, where the focal point lands in front of the retina, causing clear distant vision but blurry near vision; astigmatism involves uneven focusing due to irregular curvature of the cornea or lens, leading to distorted vision at multiple distances; cataract is clouding of the lens that blurs vision overall.